Piaget's theory of cognitive development is concerned with children, rather than all learners. It focuses on growth, rather than learning, so it does not discuss the teaching of information or particular behaviours. It proposes discrete phases of growth, marked by qualitative differences, rather than a gradual rise in number and complexity of methods, concepts, ideas, etc. The preoperational stage deals with the kindergarten. Young children can think about things symbolically. Symbolically thinking is the ability to make one thing - a word or an object - stand for something other than…